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8 Places to Find Help for Your Linux Server

One of the age-old criticisms of Linux-based operating systems is that they are complicated, not easy to learn, and not user-friendly. Those who actually use Linux, however, know this is not the case. Like any new technology, you do need to take time to learn it, but once you do, it will open up doors for you, allowing you to unleash the full power of your server.
The following are eight places where you can find help for your Linux server. They are not listed in a particular order, so you may decide to favor certain ones first over others. If you use the web, be sure to bookmark any help you find, and also make sure you backup any configuration files or other data before you make changes.

Introducing the Google+ project

Among the most basic of human needs is the need to connect with others. With a smile, a laugh, a whisper or a cheer, we connect with others every single day.

Today, the connections between people increasingly happen online. Yet the subtlety and substance of real-world interactions are lost in the rigidness of our online tools.

In this basic, human way, online sharing is awkward. Even broken. And we aim to fix it.

We’d like to bring the nuance and richness of real-life sharing to software. We want to make Google better by including you, your relationships, and your interests. And so begins the Google+ project:

Apple’s Patent Victory Against HTC

On Friday, the U.S. International Trade Commission agreed with Apple and found that HTC’s smartphonesinfringed upon at least two patents.

The wound Apple has dealt HTC is not just a minor scratch, though. It’s a big victory, and it goes beyond just HTC. Apple may have just plunged its patent dagger right into Android’s achilles heel.

According to FOSS Patents, Apple’s victory against HTC in front of the ITC means that a number — maybe all! — Android handsets could be barred frpm sale starting in December.

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Free Software Foundation

Free Software Foundation Since 1985 we've been fighting for essential freedoms for c omputer users Freedom is... the GNU Operating System. GNU is the first operating system designed to give you, the user, the freedom to share, study and modify it. We call this free software, because the user is free. GNU and free software are used by millions of people all over the world. Free software is the foundation of a learning society — where the tools we all use are free to share, study and modify. European Parliament 2009 elections: a pact to support Free Software Fight the proposed EU telecom package! and Support the efforts on EU net neutrality! Latest news: FSF releases audio recording of LibrePlanet conference What is free software and why is it so important for society? Free software is software that gives you the user the freedom to share, study and modify it. We call this free software because the user is free. To use free software is to make a political and ethical choice asserting the right to learn, and share what we learn with others. Free software has become the foundation of a learning society where we share our knowledge in a way that others can build upon and enjoy. Currently, many people use proprietary software that denies users these freedoms and benefits. If we make a copy and give it to a friend, if we try to figure out how the program works, if we put a copy on more than one of our own computers in our own home, we could be caught and fined or put in jail. That’s what’s in the fine print of the license agreement you accept when using proprietary software. The corporations behind proprietary software will often spy on your activities and restrict you from sharing with others. And because our computers control much of our personal information and daily activities, proprietary software represents an unacceptable danger to a free society. The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement What if there were a worldwide group of talented ethical programmers voluntarily committed to the idea of writing and sharing software with each other and with anyone else who agreed to share alike? What if anyone could be a part of and benefit from this community even without being a computer expert or knowing anything about programming? We wouldn’t have to worry about getting caught copying a useful program for our friends—because we wouldn’t be doing anything wrong. In fact, such a movement exists, and you can be a part of it. The free software movement was started in 1983 by computer scientist Richard M. Stallman, when he launched a project called GNU, which stands for “GNU is Not UNIX”, to provide a replacement for the UNIX operating system—a replacement that would respect the freedoms of those using it. Then in 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation, a nonprofit with the mission of advocating and educating on behalf of computer users around the world. There are now many variants or 'distributions' of this GNU operating system using the kernel Linux. We recommend those GNU/Linux distributions that are 100% free software; in other words, entirely freedom-respecting. Today, free software is available for just about any task you can imagine. From complete operating systems like GNU, to over 5,000 individual programs and tools listed in the FSF/UNESCO free software directory. Millions of people around the world — including entire governments — are now using free software on their computers. Our Core Work The FSF maintains the Free Software Definition - to show clearly what must be true about a particular software program for it to be considered free software. The FSF sponsors the GNU project the ongoing effort to provide a complete operating system licensed as free software. We also fund and promote important free software development and provide development systems for GNU software maintainers, including full email and shell services and mailing lists. We are committed to furthering the development of the GNU Operating System and enabling volunteers to easily contribute to that work, including sponsoring Savannah the source code repository and center for free software development. The FSF holds copyright on a large proportion of the GNU operating system, and other free software. We hold these assets to defend free software from efforts to turn free software proprietary. Every year we collect thousands of copyright assignments from individual software developers and corporations working on free software. We register these copyrights with the US copyright office and enforce the license under which we distribute free software - typically the GNU General Public License. We do this to ensure that free software distributors respect their obligations to pass on the freedom to all users, to share, study and modify the code. We do this work through our Free Software Licensing and Compliance Lab. The FSF publishes the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), the worlds most popular free software license, and the only license written with the express purpose of promoting and preserving software freedom. Other important licenses we publish include the GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), the GNU Affero General Public License (GNU AGPL) and the GNU Free Document License (GNU FDL). Read more about our free software licensing and related issues. The FSF campaigns for free software adoption and against proprietary software. Threats to free software include Digital Restrictions Management (DRM), Software Patents and Treacherous Computing. Find out more about our campaigns, and ways to volunteer. The FSF also provides important resources to the community including the FSF/UNESCO free software directory. Get Involved You can support free software in many ways, the most basic way is to use free software on your own computer and encourage your friends and family to do like wise. You can get involved directly in advancing the free software movement by looking over our list of ways that you can volunteer, and by signing-up to receive our monthly newsletter, the Free Software Supporter. You can also become a card carrying associate member of the Free Software Foundation. FSF members provide the bulk of our funding and volunteer effort. There are also other ways to donate. "We call this free software because the user is free"

GNU Operating System

What is GNU? The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system which is free software: the GNU system. GNU's kernel isn't finished, so GNU is used with the kernel Linux. The combination of GNU and Linux is the GNU/Linux operating system, now used by millions. Sometimes this combination is incorrectly called Linux. There are many variants or “distributions” of GNU/Linux. We recommend theGNU/Linux distributions that are 100% free software; in other words, entirely freedom-respecting. The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”; it is pronounced g-noo, as one syllable with no vowel sound between the g and the n. What is Free Software? “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”. Free software is a matter of the users'freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. What is the Free Software Foundation? The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Project. The FSF receives very little funding from corporations or grant-making foundations but relies on support from individuals like you. Please consider helping the FSF bybecoming an associate member, buying manuals and gear or by donating money. If you use Free Software in your business, you can also consider corporate patronageor a deluxe distribution of GNU software as a way to support the FSF. The GNU project supports the mission of the FSF to preserve, protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software, and to defend the rights of Free Software users. We support the freedoms of speech, press, and association on the Internet, the right to use encryption software for private communication, and the right to write software unimpeded by private monopolies. You can also learn more about these issues in the book Free Software, Free Society. The FSF also has sister organizations inEurope, Latin America and India. Philosophy of the GNU Project This page lists a series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free software operating system GNU. NEW — The Javascript Trap We also keep a list of Organizations that Work for Freedom in Computer Development and Electronic Communications. About Free Software Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software in all the ways that are socially useful. Software differs from material objects—such as chairs, sandwiches, and gasoline—in that it can be copied and changed much more easily. These possibilities make software as useful as it is; we believe software users should be able to make use of them. What is Free Software? Why Software Should Not Have Owners Why Software Should Be Free (This is an older and longer essay about the same topic as the previous one) Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation Selling Free Software is OK! Categories of Free and Non-Free Software Free Software is More Reliable! Why “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software Linux, GNU, and Freedom Regarding Gnutella Why Schools Should Use Exclusively Free Software MyDoom and You 15 Years of Free Software Free Software movement Your Freedom Needs Free Software About the GNU Operating System Initial announcement of the GNU Operating System The GNU Manifesto Brief history of the GNU Project The GNU Project, a longer and more complete description of the project and its history. What is the Free Software Foundation? Why GNU/Linux? Licensing Free Software General information on licensing and copyleft A list of specific free software licenses Frequently Asked Questions About the GNU Licenses Why You Shouldn't Use the Lesser GPL for Your Next Library Copyleft Why Copyleft? Releasing Free Software if You Work at a University Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism Javascript Trap — You may be running non-free programs on your computer every day without realizing it — through your web browser. Viral Code and Vaccination, an article by Robert J. Chassell Censorship envy and licensing The X Window System Trap The Problems of the Apple License The BSD License Problem The Netscape Public License Has Serious Problems The Free Software Movement and UDI It's not the Gates, it's the bars, an article by Richard Stallman published in BBC News in 2008 Is Microsoft the Great Satan? The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software On the Microsoft Verdict Microsoft's New Monopoly The Problems of the Plan 9 License The New Motif License Using the GNU FDL The GNU GPL and the American Way The GNU GPL and the American Dream Enforcing the GNU GPL Freedom or Power? We Can Put an End to Word Attachments Free But Shackled - The Java Trap (Although as of December 2006 Sun is in the middle of re-releasing its Java platform under GNU GPL, the issue described in this article still remains important) Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together Software Patents and Literary Patents, by Richard M. Stallman, speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954) covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty close to the hypothetical examples cited in this article. GPL-compliant version of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works Laws and Issues Copyright Misinterpreting Copyright is another essay by Richard Stallman about the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law. FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae in the Eldred v. Ashcroft Supreme Court case Science must “push copyright aside”, another work of Richard Stallman that appeared in the Nature Webdebates in 2001, explains how copyright is impeding progress in scientific research. You may also be interested in The Public Library of Science, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely available to all on the Internet. Reevaluating Copyright: The Public must prevail Eldred v. Reno is about a lawsuit to overturn a law that extends copyright by 20 extra years. Freedom-Or Copyright?, by Richard Stallman (an older version of this essay remains online as well). Copyright versus community in the age of computer networks: is a verbatim transcript of a talk by Richard Stallman at the Logiciel Libre Conference in July 2000. An English translation of the famous decision of the District Court of Munich (Germany) regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL. The translation was done by the Oxford Internet Institute. Digital Restrictions Management The root of this problem is software controlled by its developer, by Richard M. Stallman. Computing “progress”: good and bad, by Richard M. Stallman. Why Audio Format matters by Karl Fogel Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement, by Richard M. Stallman, answers a few common questions about DRM. Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright a slightly modified version of the article, originally published in Technology Review in 2000, byRichard Stallman Can you trust your computer?, a work by Richard Stallman about the so-called “trusted computing” initiatives. The Right to Read: A Dystopian Short Story by Richard Stallman The propaganda term “Intellectual Property” Don't Let “Intellectual Property” Twist Your Ethos, by Richard M. Stallman. Comments from Richard Stallman on the ICLC's rejection of the IP Enforcement Directive Richard Stallman has written a review of Boldrin and Levine's “The case against intellectual property.” Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage. An essay on the true meaning of the phrase “Intellectual Property”, by Richard M. Stallman Patents FSF's Position on W3 Consortium “Royalty-Free” Patent Policy rewritten That's fighting talk a slightly modified version of the article, originally published in The Guardian of London by Richard Stallmanand Nick Hill. How to Protect the Right to Write Software (independent of whether it's free or not) In Felten v. RIAA, scientists are asking a court to rule that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from publishing their research. EFF “Intellectual Property: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) DVD Cases” Archive Patent Reform Is Not Enough Saving Europe from Software Patents Boycott Amazon! Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation is a paper that presents a mathematical model showing how patents can impede progress in fields like software. Harm from the Hague. Soft sell. An article by Richard M. Stallman published in The Guardian. Patent absurdity, an article by Richard M. Stallman published in The Guardian. The Anatomy of a Trivial Patent, by Richard M. Stallman. Why there are no GIF files on GNU web pages, While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern. For details of our website policies regarding GIFs, see our web web guidelines. Cultural and Social Issues World Summit on the Information Society The introduction by Lawrence Lessig to Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman is available for reading. Encryption software volunteers needed in countries without export control. How to Protect the Freedoms of Speech, Press, and Association on the Internet Protect Postal Privacy, a campaign to resist the proposed rule by the United States Postal Service to collect private information from customers. Why We Must Fight UCITA A world with UCITA may allow fine print to outweigh the right thing by Ed Foster Free Software and (e-)Government — an article from The Guardian, by Richard Stallman (originally published under the title “Second Sight”). Free Software and Sustainable Development — A short article by Richard Stallman regarding the use of proprietary software in cultural development. Misc The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time, by Richard M. Stallman. Why We Need “Free Software” Voting Machines SCO, GNU, and Linux, by Richard Stallman, discusses how SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the work of the GNU project. Please see the FSF SCO Response Page for more details on this subject. FSF's Statement in Response to Proposed Revised Final Judgment in Microsoft vs. United States, submitted to the US Department of Justice under the Tunney Act. U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly, an attempt of the Congress to create a private monopoly over repeating publicly known information. The Right Way to Tax DAT Censoring My Software, by Richard Stallman Studies Find Reward Often No Motivator Terminology and Definitions Confusing Words which You Might Want to Avoid Why “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software “Open Source Software” or “Free Software”? (This is an older essay about the same topic as the previous one.) Richard Stallman wrote letter to the editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal in June which further explains the distinction between the Free Software and Open Source movements. Categories of Free and Non-Free Software Translations of the term “free software” into various languages Upholding Software Freedom The Free Software Community After 20 Years, With great but incomplete success, what now? Thank You, Larry McVoy by Richard M. Stallman Overcoming Social Inertia, by Richard M. Stallman Avoiding Ruinous Compromises Philosophical humor Philosophy Humor. We don't have to be serious all the time. More philosophy articles Speeches and interviews Third party ideas Download GNU Download distributions If you're looking for a whole system to install, see our list of GNU/Linux distributions which are entirely free software. To look for individual free software packages, both GNU and non-GNU, please see the Free Software Directory: a categorized, searchable database of free software. The Directory is actively maintained by the Free Software Foundation and includes links to program home pages where available. It also includes a list of all GNU packages. Free software documentation links are listed separately. We also maintain a list of high-priority free software projects. Please help with these projects if you can. For other ways to contribute to GNU, including taking over unmaintained GNU packages and helping with development, see theGNU help wanted page. If you are developing a GNU package, or you are thinking of starting, you may be interested in GNU Software Developer Resources. If you'd like to make your software an official GNU package, see the evaluation information and submission form. For information on the licenses used for GNU software, and on other free software licenses, see our Licenses page. Finally, here is a short list of free software for Microsoft Windows, for the Windows user who is curious about free software. How to get GNU software GNU software is available by several different methods: Download it from the web or via FTP: we provide source code for all GNU software, free of charge. (Please also make a donationto the FSF, if you can, to help us write more free software.) Get a copy from a friend. (Likewise please make a donation if you can.) Buy a computer with a wholly free GNU/Linux system preinstalled from one of the companies that can offer this. Get the development sources for a package and build them. That way you can try all the latest features. Many GNU packages keep their development sources at the GNU hosting site savannah.gnu.org. Some packages use other source repositories; the package's web pages should say where the repository is. Decommissioned GNU packages GNU packages are occasionally decommissioned, generally because they've been superseded by, or integrated into, other packages. Here is the list; we leave the old project pages up (when they existed): 3dkit, abcsh, awacs, cfs-el, checker, dgs(display ghostscript), dld, dr.genius, elib, fhp, free (gnu.free), gcron (see mcron), gfe, ggv (see gv), gicqd, giptables, gnochive,gnotepad+, gnubios, gnucad, gnupedia (see wikipedia), gnusql, gnustep-db, gnuts, goose, gphoto, graphics, grover, gtkeditor,hegemonie, lengualibre, leonardo, mana, messenger, mgcp, mll2html, obst, octal, p2c, patchwork, pips, poc, rat, sweater, toutdoux,webpublish, xbase, xinfo, xmhtml.